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sis·trum

(sĭs′trəm)

n. pl. sis·trums or sis·tra (-trə)

A percussion instrument of ancient Egypt, Sumeria, and Rome consisting of metal rods or loops attached to a metal frame.

[Middle English, from Latin sīstrum, from Greek seistron, from seiein, to shake.]

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

sistrum

(ˈsɪstrəm)

n, pl -tra (-trə)

(Instruments) a musical instrument of ancient Egypt consisting of a metal rattle

[C14: via Latin from Greek seistron, from seiein to shake]

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

sis•trum

(ˈsɪs trəm)

n., pl. -trums, -tra (-trə).

an ancient Egyptian percussion instrument consisting of a looped metal frame set in a handle and fitted with loose crossbars that rattle when shaken.

[1350–1400; Middle English < Latin < Greek seîstron, derivative of seíein to shake (compare seismic)]

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Queen Nefertari depicted offering sistrums to goddess Hathor -- Photo Courtesy of Wikipedia Reading and Writing Hieroglyphs, knowing the basics of sending letters and messages, managing successful diplomatic negotiations, Nefertari played a vital role in her husband King Ramses II diplomatic policy.

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The medieval city walls echo to the rumble of goatskin drums and the steady clash of sistrums, and the early sun flashes off elaborately-embroidered vestments.

Ethiopia's new millennium: A.S.H. Smyth witnesses the first Meskel Festival of Ethiopia's Third Millennium, in the ancient capital of Gonder

In accordance with a vision of the worship of Paradise granted to St Yared, sistrums or sacred rattles were shaken and drums beaten to accompany the chant in ecclesiastical processions, while colourful liturgical umbrellas were held over the clergy to protect them from the sun.

Spreading the gospel in the Middle Ages: Bernard Hamilton unravels the complex tale of the spread of the Christian faith and its competing hierarchies