tapetum

High temperature causes to early abortion in tapetal cells leading the pollen mother cells toward mitotic phase and finally goes to PCD yield to pollen sterility (Parish et al., 2012).

Spatiotemporal production of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase is critical for tapetal programmed cell death and pollen development in arabidopsis.The Plant Cell, vol.

Both IDG004 and IDG025 code for anther-specific RTS-like proteins, required for male fertility and affecting tapetal development [56].

The presence of tapetal sheen, seen intermittently in case 2 and not previously described with PCD, is a characteristic for a retinal dystrophy rather than inflammation or drug toxicity.

For each goat, tapetal color, tapetal reflectivity, shape of tapetal area, homogenicity of tapetum, junction of tapetal and non tapetal border and location, colour, shape, border and degree of myelination of optic disc or retinal endothelium were evaluated.

Chromosome nondisjunction and instabilities in tapetal cells are affected by B chromosomes in maize.

Toxic tapetopathy is the characteristic of an altered tapetal color with degeneration or necrosis of the tapetum lucidum [164, 168].

It is characterized by typical clinical features in which there is golden yellow tapetal reflex over the fundus which disappears after prolonged dark adaptation.

Tapetal origin of pollen-coat substances in Lilium.

In late stages severe atrophy of the neuro-sensorial retina, transretinal pigment migration and glial cicatrization in the non tapetal fundus area are observed (Nell et al., 2010).

Large volume, dense cytoplasm and one or two large nuclei are evident in the tapetal cells at this point.

Ubisch bodies, (1) con-peito grains) are a-cellular structures of sporopollenin that might occur on the inner tangential and radial walls of tapetal cells.