raphe

Palatal rugae are small projections of variable pattern on the anterior part of palatal mucosa behind the incisive papilla on each side of median palatal raphe.1 They are relatively prominent, symmetric and occupy most of the length of palatal shelves during the embryonic stage of development.

In addition, manipulation of 5-HT during early development produces a reduction of tryptophan hydroxylase expression in midline subgroups of the raphe nuclear complex and a reduction in the density of Serotonin immunoreactive fibers in cortex (Weaver et al., 2010), and disturbs characteristic chemoarchitectural and electrophysiological brain features, including changes in raphe and callosal connections, sensory processing, and myelin sheath formation (Simpson et al., 2011).

Serotonin is produced in the brainstems raphe nuclei and stored in presynaptic vesicles.

All lesions respected the horizontal raphe, and the fovea was spared.

Serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways originating from dorsal raphe and locus ceruleus terminate in frontal cortex for mood regulation; in limbic areas for emotional and anxiety regulation and in hypothalamus for appetite, weight and sleep regulation.

M2 EQUITYBITES-January 25, 2018-Children's Hospital Colorado appoints Raphe Schwartz as SVP

Fundus examination was normal in the left eye but revealed a large macrovessel crossing the horizontal raphe adjacent to the fovea in the right eye (Figure 1).

Signals propagating from the Ic to the Hb could reduce the release of 5-HT in the raphe nuclei.

Another target for indirect melatonin signaling from the pineal is the Raphe nucleus.

Keetly et al7 while discussing the possible reasons for failure of inferior alveolar nerve block identified by the participants as being unable to locate anatomical landmarks like pterygomandibular raphe, inability to find a bony landmark with the needle, inability to direct the needle satisfactorily due to tough tissue in the pterygomandibular space, large tongue unable to rest passively, difficult anatomy where posterior teeth have been lost and alveolar resorption has been excessive and needle curved due to excessive manipulation within the tissues.

Liu and colleagues found that electroacupuncture could activate serotonergic raphe-spinal neurons in the nucleus raphe magnus, a supraspinal area mediating a negative feedback circuit of pain modulation, thereby inducing analgesia via descending inhibition.

The bodies of serotonergic neurons are located in the CNS structures called the raphe nuclei.