ouabain

There is evidenceiii that patients with high levels of a substance called endogenous ouabain may have an increased risk of developing kidney damage.

However, the brevetoxins were not included in the present study, as the neuro-2a bioassay is already able to discriminate between the presence of DSPs and the neurotoxic brevetoxins, i.e., DSPs can be detected without addition of ouabain and veratridine, while the brevetoxins can only be detected in the neuro-2a bioassay by adding low concentrations of ouabain and veratridine (Manger et al., 1995; Dickey et al., 1999).

Thus, anandamide (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was shown to reduce neuronal excitotoxic injury following intracerebral injection of ouabain in neonatal rats (64).

(12,13) It has been demonstrated that the tachycardia induced by positive inotropic agents including digitalis glycosides and ouabain enhanced myocardial oxygen consumption.

The [Mg.sup.2+]-ATPase activity was detected in the presence of 1 mM ouabain, while the total ATPase activity was determined in the presence of 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 6 mM Mg[Cl.sub.2], 0.1 mM EDTA, 30 mM Tris HCl (pH: 7.4).

schneideri methanolic extract (50 [micro]g/mL of granular gland secretion) responded with an increase in quantal content (release of acetylcholine) that was inhibited with a non-toxic concentration of ouabain (1 [micro]g/mL), an inhibitor of the [Na.sup.+]/ [K.sup.+]-ATPase, after 5 min prior to incubation, indicating that these effects were prevented through the inhibition of [Na.sup.+]-[K.sub.+]-ATPase activity of muscle motor innervation.

Complex assessment of distinct cognitive impairments following ouabain injection into the rat dorsoloateral striatum.

An African perennial vine called strophanthus makes seeds that contain the active ingredient referred to as g-strophanthin in Europe and ouabain in the US.

[5.] Leenen FH (2010) The central role of the brain aldosterone -"ouabain" pathway in salt-sensitive hypertension.

Effects of ouabain and diphenylhydantoin on transmembrane potentials, intracellular electrolytes, and cell pH of rat muscle and liver in vivo.

The rate of ion transport by [Na.sup.+],[K.sup.+] -ATPase was calculated from the difference between the slope of the linear regression describing the relationship between [.sup.86][Rb.sup.+] transport and incubation time in the presence and absence of 2 mmol [l.sup.-1] ouabain. This concentration of ouabain is known to saturate the inhibition of in vivo [Na.sup.+],[K.sup.+]-ATPase in larvae of C.

Despite its history being harvested from African plants to stop an enemy's heart with the shot of a bow, ouabain is also a steroid that the human body naturally produces.