khedive

Based on extensive archival research in various languages on the Egyptian state, including newspapers and diplomatic as well as personal correspondence (such as impresarios petitioning the khedives for funding), the author demonstrates how the elite defined Egyptian patriotism.

On the west side, the museum backs on to the modern city, laid out by Egypt's 19th-century rulers, the Khedives. Their descendants took the title of kings and pressed their claims to be rulers of the caliphate after the Ottoman collapse.

Since 1881, an ancient Egyptian monument--the obelisk of Pharaoh Thutmose III, popularly known as "Cleopatra's Needle"--has stood in New York's Central Park, a gift to the City of New York from the khedives of Egypt.

This resulted in British forces occupying Alexandria, defeating the mutineers and setting up a series of British-backed rulers, known as khedives, who governed the country until 1914.

Des Pharaons, des rois, des reines, des Khedives et des Effendis, des empereurs et des imperatrices, des officiers britanniques mandates, des revolutionnaires acharnes et des patriotes, des poetes, des philosophes et des troubadours.

Sultans, Khedives, Kings and Presidents have held unlimited power.

Written by experts in Islamic studies and Near and Middle Eastern history, the essays offer an in-depth examination of a central feature of Islamic culture, from the earliest times of Islam, to examples in Fatimid and Mamluk Egypt, Qajar Iran, the Mughal empire, the 19th-century Eyptian khedives, and the scholarly and scientific courts of the Ayyubids.