loanword

They cover the historical background of the Asia Minor dialects; agglutinative noun inflection in Cappadocian; two Turkish suffixes in Pharasoit: constraints against phrasal bases; the morphology of Silliot: paradigmatic defectiveness, paradigmatic leveling; and affix pleonasm; adverbial constructions in a dialectical context: a case study from Pontic; the Smyrna dialect: loanword adaptation in a multilingual setting; affixoids and verb borrowing in Aivaliot morphology; subtractive imperative forms in Bithynian Greek; morphological innovations in Propontis Tsakonian; and the Greek of Ottoman-era Adrianoupolis.

The loanword snob 'snob' takes either the suffix -it (1a) or -a (1b), and both forms are found in similar contexts.

In addition, it should be noted that Aramaic *samu'at- is not a loanword from Akkadian but has a clear inner Aramaic etymology: it is derived from the root sm' "to hear" according to the pattern *qa0-, which can form nouns with passive semantics (Fox 2003: 197-202), combined with the feminine ending *-at-, which can form abstracts, i.e., "that which was heard" > "news."

Nowadays the word [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] 'dictionary' is widespread again, replacing the Russian loanword [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], which is why [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] is not included in the dictionary of rare words.

E.g., the English word "apron" was an erroneous borrowing from the Middle-French word "naperon," meaning "a piece of cloth." Because the French word was always used together with the French indefinite article "un" ("a or an"), its pragmatic lexical appearance in real use became "un" naperon" in the French language, which, however, was literally translated into English as "a napron," which as time went by gradually came to be misspelled or mistyped as "an apron." Because of the confusion of the French indefinite article and that of its English counterpart, the correct French loanword "napron" was cast into oblivion, whereas the false derivative "apron" came into existence for good (Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Electronic Dictionary).

The Old French word from which the English was borrowed, herberge, was itself a loanword from Frankish, a Germanic language of Gaul.

The transition of the non-adapted loanword party (see above) is of a curious nature.

All words can be found in Webster's Tenth Collegiate except for qi, a Chinese loanword meaning 'physical life-force'.

Loanword typology: Steps toward a systematic cross-linguistic study of lexical borrowability.

In this paper we analyzed some of the phonological rules of Russian loanword adaptation in Persian, on the view of Optimal Theory (OT) (Prince & Smolensky, 1993/2004).