ligule

Ligule tridentate, with pointed teeth, the middle one longer than others.

--Final length of the leaf (FLL): to determine the final length of the leaf, the fully expanded leaves were measured from their insertion in the ligule to the leaf apex.

Ligule 0.2-0.5 mm, truncate, margin ciliate; ligular zone glabrous or with sparse hairs D.

The following parameters were evaluated: number of tillers at 30, 60 and 90 days after emergence of weeds (DAE), central stalk height at 45, 60 and 90 DAE (1.0-m ruler, height was considered as the distance from soil surface to the last fully exposed ligule), and shoot dry matter of sugarcane and weed plants.

2-3 mm long, ligule bi-lobed, longer than petiole, c.

Data on 16 qualitative traits was recorded, namely, presence or absence of bud cushion (BUDCUSHION), relative degree of bud extension (BUDEXTEND), relative bud shape (BUDSHAPE), relative shape of dewlap (DEWLAPSHAP), type of outer auricle (AURICLEOUT), presence or absence of stalk corky cracks (STALKCORKC), presence or absence of stalk corky patches (STALKCORKP), relative shape of ligule (LIGSHAPE), presence or absence of stalk growth cracks (STALKCRACK), presence or absence of bud groove (BUDGROOVE), relative plant erectness (ERECT), relative degree of internode alignment (INALIGN), relative internode shape (INSHAPE), colour of the leaves (LEAFCOLOR), colour of the exposed rind (RINDCOLE), and canopy structure (CANOPY).

The diameter was measured at the mid-point of its length, which in turn was measured from soil level to the leaf +1 ligule. Ranges were 5 to 7 mm wide and 5 to 11 cm long (small), 7 to 9 mm wide and 12 to 15 cm long (medium), and 10 to 12 mm wide and greater than 15 cm long (large).

The middle third of the first fully expanded leaf, with a visible ligule, was measured (from top to bottom) in each experimental plot.

Measurements of plant height (PH) were taken from the soil surface to the ligule of the last fully expanded leaf, starting at 7 DAS and repeated at seven-day intervals until the appearance of the flag leaf.

(2008), the cotyledonary petiole is striking and there is no presence of ligule.

Monocarpic perennial lifecycle, lignified culms, branching nodes, pseudopetiolate leaves, and an outer ligule are characters worth mentioning for the woody bamboos (GPWG, 2001; BPG, 2012); whereas herbaceous bamboos are pluricarpic, usually unbranched, with quite weak culms and an inner ligule (Judziewicz et al., 1999).

Romer and Schilling [1] reported that applied P at GS 31 to 39 (flag leaf ligule and collar visible) at 1 ppm rate increased grain yield compared with GS 75 (medium milk stage) at the same application rate.